Summaries+of+Principles+of+Texts+and+Graphics

1. Multimedia Principle. Use Words and Graphics Rather than Words Alone

2. Contiguity Principle. Align and Synchronize Spoken Words with Corresponding  Graphics

3. Modality Principle. Present Words as Audio Narration, Rather than On-Screen Text

4. Redundancy Principle. Explain Visuals with Words in Audio or Text: Not Both

5. Coherence Principle. Adding Interesting Material Can Hurt Learning

6. Personalization Principle. a. Use Conversational Style (not formal) b. Virtual Coaches which is effective on-screen coaches to promote learning. c. Make the author visible to promote learning

7. Segmenting Principle: Break a continuous lesson into bite-size pieces

8. Pre-training Principle: Ensure that learners know the names and characteristics of key concepts.